September 3, 2023
Blood cancers encompass a diverse range of types, each with its own set of symptoms and characteristics. Early detection and appropriate diagnostic procedures are crucial for effective treatment and management of these conditions. By recognizing the common symptoms and undergoing comprehensive testing, individuals can increase their chances of early intervention and improved outcomes.
Leukaemia
Leukaemia is a blood cancer that originates in the bone marrow and affects white blood cells, compromising the body’s immune response. Common subtypes include Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL).
Lymphoma
Lymphomas are blood cancers that target the lymphatic system and involve abnormal lymphocyte growth. Examples of lymphomas include Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. These cancers can lead to the enlargement of lymph nodes and other organs.
Multiple Myeloma
Multiple Myeloma is a blood cancer that affects plasma cells, which are crucial for immune function. The overproduction of abnormal plasma cells can damage bones and other organs.
There are also related blood diseases that can progress to Acute Leukaemia:
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
MDS is characterized by faulty bone marrow function, resulting in insufficient production of healthy blood cells. In some cases, MDS can progress to acute leukaemia.
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN)
MPNs are a group of diseases where the bone marrow produces too many specific blood cells. Examples include polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and myelofibrosis.
Recognizing the symptoms of blood cancers is essential for early detection. While the symptoms can vary depending on the specific type and stage of the cancer, there are common indicators to be aware of. Comprehensive blood tests can reveal abnormal cell counts, types, and characteristics, providing crucial insights into potential blood cancer presence. Bone marrow tests involve the extraction of samples for analysis, aiding in identifying specific cancer types and assessing disease progression.
Specialized testing techniques, such as Flowcytometry immunophenotyping, Cytogenetics, Immunohistochemistry, and Molecular techniques like PCR, Sequencing, and NGS, are used to aid in diagnosis, lineage determination, prognosis, and monitoring of blood cancers. Imaging tests such as CT scans, PET scans, and X-rays help visualize the extent of cancer spread and the involvement of lymph nodes and other organs.
A thorough physical examination can also help identify visible symptoms, such as enlarged lymph nodes, that might indicate blood cancer. In some cases, surgical removal of lymph nodes may be necessary for accurate staging and prognosis determination.